Cultural Intelligence Individual Interactions Across Cultures/Working

Question: Depict about the Cultural Intelligence, Individual Interactions Across Cultures/Working Across Cultures? Answer: Presentation Corporate methodology is resolved based on the current business condition. Looking into wide scope of writing I have discovered that in the course of the most recent twenty years, globalization and development in data and correspondence innovation have prompted huge changes in the worldwide business condition, plan of action and practices. In this paper, I might want to talk about how the worldwide business has changed because of globalization (Gupta, 2013). Also, the change has remarkable ramifications for the directors of the global organizations. Overseeing individuals and business exercises in multifaceted condition presents different difficulties to the administration. In this paper I will likewise concentrate on talking about how the administrators will adjust the changed worldwide business for getting effective. The supervisors need to have clear knowledge in regards to various societies for managing the assorted work power just as tending to the need of various outside busine ss sectors having particular social foundation (Filippetti, 2011). In addition, Hofstede, Trompennars and Global models have been examined in this paper so as to validate my contentions. Change in Global Business The business condition over the globe has gone up against quick change in the previous twenty years. The influx of globalization has quickened improvement of an entangled, associated and dynamic business condition. Different organizations from various piece of the world have concentrated on coordinating their business exercises in the worldwide market for augmenting the estimation of the firm. Then again, a few countries have focused on drawing in remote interest so as to support up their economy (Filippetti, 2011). In the course of the most recent couple of years the developing economies of Asia have experienced huge development because of globalization. It has encouraged increment in number of the worldwide associations over the world. The business associations have been confronting and challenges just as adequate open doors for investigating the universal market. The hierarchical exercises and the board rehearses have changed because of joining of the business in outside business sectors. It has gotten basic to think about the natural powers of the outside market for making progress (Gupta, 2013). The worldwide business the board has been experiencing significant issues identifying with the market investigation, reception of suitable business technique, existing political and authoritative system, social issues and so on (Shah and Sankar R.N., 2014). By and by business firms are concentrating on increasing upper hands. Globalization has exhibited that the locus of the segment and monetary force has begun to move from the created nations to the rising countries. Mechanical progression has given unhindered access to worldwide information and built up a worldwide customer condition. Improved innovative network, online versatility, simple exchange on cell phones has encouraged the new model of client commitment. The associations are concentrating on setting up advanced systems. Globalization has built up a universal commercial center which prompted change in the plan of action (Harris, 2006). So as to accomplish upper hand in the global market business associations have been concentrating on the consistent advancement and adjusting the authoritative model for expanding cross geographic collaborations. Adaption of New Environment by Managers Business associations experience various issues in the new condition identifying with the hazard the executives, consistence with legitimate system and moral measures and so on. So as to accomplish upper hand it is fundamental to break down the client profile or the objective market. It is apparent that culture is one of the most critical angles for breaking down the buyer conduct and direction. Subsequently, it gets fundamental for the administrators to comprehend the social foundation of the customers so as to impact their buying conduct. Then again, it is imperative to deal with the differing work power for augmenting the advantages of culturally diverse group. In the new business condition, the administrator will manage the workforce having a place with various societies. Henceforth, struggle is a characteristic piece of the culturally diverse hierarchical group (van der Aalsvoort et al., 2013). It is fundamental for the supervisors to improve information in regards to various societies. Upgraded social remainder will help in overseeing strife, compelling exchange and building up a positive workplace for improving the exhibition level (Bhagat, 2006). Scholars have created models which help in understanding the social measurement if there should arise an occurrence of culturally diverse correspondence in business association. Hofstedes Model of Cultural Dimension Hofstede has built up a model for characterizing five significant elements of a culture which must be considered by the directors while working in culturally diverse business condition. Studies had been directed by Hofstede in various associations over the world. Force Distance is the primary measurement which shows the degree to which the subordinates or the less ground-breaking representatives acknowledge the way that force will be conveyed inconsistent in an association. In straightforward terms high force separation file shows solid nearness of progressive system in the general public just as association (Shi and Wang, 2011). In this culture the subordinates will acknowledge the choice of more significant position authority without requesting legitimization. Second measurements are independence and it speaks to how much an individual is incorporated into group. It has a significant ramifications for the business association as the collectivist social orders are seen as proficient gathering individuals and positively affects the authoritative execution. Vulnerability shirking record is the third measurement which centers around estimating the resistance level of the specific culture identifying with vulnerability. Significant level of vulnerability shirking record infers that the individuals are enthusiastic and attempt to limit the hazard all the while (Yeganeh and Su, 2007). Manliness versus womanliness is the fourth measurement which helps in dispersing the passionate jobs between various sexual orientations. If there should arise an occurrence of the manly culture, the qualities are aspiration, seriousness, force, realism and decisiveness (Tang and Koveos, 2008). Then again, ladylike culture places more noteworthy incentive on the personal satisfaction and relationship. Long haul direction is the last measurement and it centers around breaking down whether the general public stances more significance to what's to come. It has been discovered that the soc ial orders which are long haul situated encourage commonsense qualities which are arranged to the future, for example, consistency, capacity to adjust and sparing and so forth. These measurements change across districts and countries (Tung and Verbeke, 2010). Trompennars Model of Cultural Dimension Trompennars had distinguished seven significant elements of social contrasts. First measurement is universalism versus particularism which gauges the significance of qualities and decides in that specific culture. Second measurement is independence versus communitarianism which decides how much significance is given to an individual and gathering. Third measurement is explicit versus diffuse and it appraises how far individuals get include. Fourth component of Trompennars model breaks down how individuals express their feeling. Fifth element of this model is significant as it helps in seeing how individuals sees status in a specific culture. 6th element of this model is consecutive time versus coordinated time for investigating how individuals oversee time (Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, 2004). In some general public individuals like the occasions to happen all together and higher significance is given to the reliability. Then again, simultaneous time demonstrate that individuals wi ll think about a few work at once. Last component of Trompennars model is inward heading versus external course and it helps in seeing how individuals respond to nature. GLOBE Model GLOBE model is a significant model for dealing with the culturally diverse workforce. It has been discovered that this model altogether helps in investigating the mind boggling effects of culture of upper hand, hierarchical viability and authority. GLOBE model can be labeled as the altered Hofstedes model. This model has included five social elements of Hofstedes model and included four measurements. Decisiveness is one of the significant social elements of this model which tries to investigate the level of self-assuredness among the people in a general public (Orpen, 2003). Future direction is another measurement which is related with understanding the degree the general public is engaged with arranging future, contributing and so forth. Execution direction measurement of culture gauges rewards got by people for improving execution. Last measurement is the human direction which is related with estimation of the degree to which people are remunerated for being benevolent, inviting, a nd unselfish and reasonable (McCrae et al., 2008). Proposal Investigating the change in worldwide business condition and increment in global business coordination I can suggest that it is significant for the administrators to upgrade their social remainder for managing the culturally diverse workforce effectively. It is suggested that the directors must consider distinctive social measurements distinguished by the Hofstedes model, Trompennars model and GLOBE model (Westney, 2011). End In the above areas, I have concentrated on talking about the change in worldwide business and its explanation. I have recognized that globalization have supported the business associations in investigating universal markets which prompted differing workforce. It is significant for the supervisors to adjust the progressions in worldwide business

Recent Trends in Marketing Management

Ongoing Trends in Marketing Management The current time is the time of promoting. Promoting Management has assumed control over the various elements of business the board. The item plan which was before a select creation work is currently the essential capacity of advertising the board. Human Resource Management is additionally been choked by Internal showcasing. Indeed, even Strategic Management currently suggests showcasing the executives. Advertising currently has taken the drivers seat in business and the very word showcasing now characterizes the manner in which we live. So showcasing is not any more an advertisers area yet a co-adventure of advertisers just as client. Promoting in the 21st century has encountered a change in perspective. The new thousand years gave another measurement to advertising by changing over the client situated promoting approach of 1990s to client driven showcasing. Association of clients in item plan and improvement, marking bundling and publicizing choices is presently what is being rehearsed. To identify with this thought, we can think back to the Frito lays advertisement crusade where they welcomed alternatives from clients for propelling new flavors and afterward again open deciding in favor of the last flavor. Another model can be open democratic being done for the choice of an entertainer for assuming the job of adult Aanandi in the acclaimed Ballika Vadhuà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.The managing theory of advertising today isn't items for the individuals yet the item by the individuals also. The coming of administration economy has made clients the co-makers of items, so increasingly more inclusion of clients is being looked f or. Clients are being included at each phase of item advancement trying to create steadfastness from assortment ruined clients. Another pattern that has up flooded as of late is Product arrangements We are presently very used to watching promotions during film interims and in the middle of our preferred shows on the TV. A promotion introduction during interim may not discover adequate watchers and remote of a TV set gives the watcher full freedom to switch-over the channel㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦..so the new thing that is being tried for viability is the item position in films or in mainstream TV appears. Presently we regularly observe our preferred on-screen characters and on-screen characters utilizing a few brands as a piece of their common way of life or hoardings or showrooms of certain brands as a setting of some significant scene. Such item situations are as a rule so normally inserted in the settings that the watchers sub-cognizant registers them unequivocally in their brain. A covert pattern is neuro-advertising - showcasing to mind. Understanding the perplexing elements of customer mind is a genuine test of the advanced occasions. The endeavors of advertisers to recognize what a customer needs through shifted inquire about techniques are currently not producing compelling bits of knowledge into purchaser minds in light of the fact that the buyer today is shrewd, savvy and advanced enough not to let anybody extricate the baseless data and besides the elements of human conduct are many-sided to the point that much of the time we as buyers dont even know appropriately why we purchase something. So what the advertisers are presently doing to get further into the customer mind is something which is as yet being bantered for its moral concerns. Different mental strategies are being utilized to investigate the shopper mind or more that FMRI outputs of customers are additionally being taken to recognize what occurs in the buyer mind while encountering a specific help or what advances to the purchaser mind more while vie wing a commercial. Numerous such patterns have been getting up to speed as of late however the fate of showcasing lies in innovation with which purchasers presently burn through the greater part of their time㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦the cell phones and the web. Times are quick changing from checking the client footfalls to the tallying of eyeballs. That implies what number of clients will really purchase the item presently relies upon what number of clients see the items and the notices on their cell phones or through web. Remote innovation empowered media characterizes the new period of showcasing. All the most recent investigations of advertisers are situated towards this generally new media. Web is another path for individuals to associate, assemble data, share, team up and construct their business or purchase their items. Guaranteeing web-nearness has become a pre-imperative for each business be it little or enormous. New ages having a place with any layers of society currently broadly use web and portable i nnovation. What's more, the educated areas of senior ages are likewise getting up to speed quick with it. Searching for a cell phone, booking of movement bundle, sending roses and welcome on uncommon events, tuning in and downloading melodies, talking with a far off companion and relative㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦..whatever we need to do and know à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦the web is prepared with ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..So clearly it has become the key driver for promoting frameworks. The patterns that have risen as a result of this huge change are for the most part fuelled by a popular expression known as Viral Marketing. It alludes to showcasing methods that utilization previous interpersonal organizations to deliver increment in brand mindfulness or to accomplish other promoting targets through self-reproducing viral procedures like the spread of infection. It tends to be informal exchange conveyed or upgraded by the system impacts of the Internet. Viral showcasing appears as Mobile advertising, email-promoting, blogging, Gaming, video advertising or more all online life advertising. Portable promoting is tied in with advertising to individuals through their cell phones and advanced mobile phone gadgets. Request is expanding significantly for portable applications and versatile web-perusing because of more extensive reception of gadgets like the iPhone. Video showcasing is a successful device of web advertising where in Countless purchasing feelings and essential brand minutes are conceivable to be introduced through melodic, gutsy, persuasive or interesting video messages. These recordings are seen, preferred and sent by the watchers consequently spreading the message like a viral system. Informal communication locales are pulling in a large number of individuals of all age gatherings. Remaining associated through Facebook, Twitter, Youtube and so forth is a piece of ones day by day routine. No big surprise Social Media is the most grounded showcasing pattern which isn't only a prevailing fashion however a pattern to stay㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ an ever increasing number of organizations have been posting on different websites, making profile on Facebook, tweeting on Twitter, or posting news on Digg.com ,and so on and by essentially clicking like on such pages we are turning out to be a piece of the promoting system . Another related pattern is making the web showcasing one stride further: it is called Social Appvertising! The main brands are presently beginning to make unique intelligent Facebook applications to boost purchaser inclusion. A soda pops Facial Profiler application finding your twin on Facebook㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ Or American Express challenge for making your own promotion through a Facebook application. So a great deal is to be investigated about these patterns. With the elements of regularly changing shopper conduct, elements of showcasing will keep on changing㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦.the changes that are significant, unavoidable and pith of life..!!!!!!! RAMNEEK KAUR MBA, M.COM, M.PHIL ASSTT. Educator Master NANAK INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY, MODEL TOWN, LUDHIANA.

Inspiration to Action COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Inspiration to Action COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog There is an expression you might have heard, March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb.   Well for me, it was the reverse March certainly went out like a lion for me.   I was spread in a couple of different directions and found it hard to keep up over the last few weeks.   I am not complaining though, far from it, I would not trade my experience for anything. SIPA applicants are a truly exceptional group of people.   I must admit that sometimes I find myself in awe as I read resumes and personal statements.   It is inspiring to see the commitment level our applicants display.   Each year when I review applications I find myself energized about the next generation of leaders who will formulate policies that will impact domestic and international relations. The inspiration from reading applications, mixed with some old fashioned networking, led my wife and I on a recent trip to New Orleans to help rebuild the home of a Police Officer who lost her home in Hurricane Katrina.   A friend of a friend just happens to be the CNN Hero of the Year for 2008.   Liz McCartney went to New Orleans after Katrina to help out and what she saw inspired her to move there and start the St. Bernard Project.   The organization is dedicated to helping those in St. Bernard Parish who lost their homes rebuild. One of the main reasons I felt inspired to post this entry is that the St. Bernard Project is expanding and has paid internship positions.   Many applicants will ask me what kind of work they can do to help improve their application to SIPA.   There is no one right answer, but if you are interested in public policy this certainly would be a great opportunity.   You can find more information about positions on the St. Bernard Web site. Below in the center, holding the piece of dry wall signed by everyone, is the owner of the home.   We ended up working with a group of undergraduate students from Ohio State who spent their spring break volunteering.   Also involved were a father and daughter from Washington, D.C.

Modernism The Age Of Rebellion Essay - 1228 Words

Modernism was a progress to society, in many ways it helped shape and form what we call the western culture. Modernism was a time period during the 20th century that promoted changes to the Western culture. Many of the changes occurred in the attitude and functioning of society, modernism is often referred to the age of rebellion. During this time many people were rejecting the social norms that have been practiced for years and finding more about their own individuality. Modernism was not only the age of rebellion but had rapid social and economical changes, as technology evolved communication joined the modern lifestyle. The second industrial revolution was influential, the amount of progress it brought in the 1920’s gave America the ability to move forward and advance. The second industrial revolution industrialized not only technology, but caused time period called the roaring 20’s in which the average American took advantage of the progresses from the second indust rial revolution. Throughout the roaring 20’s, Americans began to think more about life as these rapid changes occurred, thus developing new ways of thinking through many philosophers. Modernism progressed the western culture in many ways, and the specific events of the second industrialization, roaring twenties and the deeper thinking of philosophers benefited the western culture. The second industrial revolution was more influential than the first. Americans were able to benefit greater economically andShow MoreRelated Female Rebellion In Aurora Leigh and The Lady in the Looking-Glass724 Words   |  3 PagesFemale Rebellion In Aurora Leigh and The Lady in the Looking-Glass   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Women of both the ages of Victorian and early Modernism were restricted from education at universities or the financial independence of professionalism. In both ages, women writers often rebelled against perceived female expectations as a result of their oppression. To lead a solitary life as a subservient wife and mother was not satisfactory for writers like Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Virginia Woolf. One of theRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism1549 Words   |  7 PagesModernism and Postmodernism To begin with, to determine the meaning of postmodernism is possible only through the relationship with modernism. 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This time period during the nineteenth and twentieth century was captured by numerous artists, writers, musicians, and entertainers in their attempts to break from traditional values in what is known as modernism. A modernist is in simple terms a rebel. One whoRead More Enlightenment, Romanticism, Realism, Modernism, and Postmodernism598 Words   |  3 PagesEnlightenment, Romanticism, Realism, Modernism, and Postmodernism Literature: the enlightenment, romanticism, realism, modernism, and postmodernism†¦. Where does one begin? To some, those words can be as scary as the word computer is to others. This essay is designed to help you become a great literary interpreter. Getting the motivation is three fourths of the battle to getting into the heads of the artists. To begin, an outline of some of the literary movements has been provided. 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The Management Of Global Enterprise Essay - 1019 Words

Introduction With the developing of economy, there are some businessmen who choose a great opportunity that invest a business in the local place or some developing countries. However, an attractive business and place is an important parts for all investors. This paper will introduce the management of global enterprise that telling entrepreneurs how they should start a business in the foreign. And then, this paper also would like to talk about our company which is the agent of Kiehl’s since 1851, Inc in the Vietnam. It called Kiehl-V. Kiehl’s company was founded in 1851. Its headquarters located in New York. Kiehl’s has just begun, it just a pharmacy that provide potions and some natural ingredients of ointment to New York’s customer. Early stage, they develop their business by selling tea, honey and herbs and other nature products. After this, Kiehl’s developed some new care products about skin, hair, and body. And, these care products are popular among New York customers. Until 2001years ago, Morse family’s Keihl’s company never to extend their business to other place or regions. Upon a time, this unique product (kiehl’s) gradually become a new love in fashion temple, even it also received extensive high praises from media coverage. In 2001, Kiehl’s become a member of the LOREAL group, and we can buy Kiehl’s products in 15 countries of the world. Also, the government set on November 12 for Kiehl’s Day. Products Service Our company is an agency of Kiehl’s that enterShow MoreRelatedThe Management Of Global Enterprise Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesare some businessmen who choose a great opportunity that invest a business in the local place or some developing countries. However, an attractive business and place is an important part for all investors. This paper will introduce the management of global enterprise that telling entrepreneurs how they should start a business in the foreign. And then, this paper also would like to talk about our company which is the agent of Kiehl’s since 1851, Inc in the Vietnam. It called Kiehl-V. Kiehl’s companyRead MoreEssay about Innovation Management and Market in Global Enterprises880 Words   |  4 PagesInnovation Management and Marketing in Global Enterprises by Ersun and Karabulut (2013) is an article that presents varying positions of several writers on the importance of establishing innovative strategies in developing and managing new pro duct and markets in the global business communities. The concept of innovation in this article is defined in terms of products, processes, marketing and management practices. The product of innovative strategies as outlined in the article is understood toRead MoreThe Supply Chain Of Honda Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesnew car, for example, can be made by a series of supply chain. 1.2. Global supply chain of Honda for purchasing division 1.2.1. 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Working Free Essays

Do you believe your drug use and alcohol use affects your singing agenda? . Do you feel another reaction or approach could be used In reacting to rules you do to like? Case Workbook (From Corcoran, J. Walsh, J. We will write a custom essay sample on Working or any similar topic only for you Order Now (2009). Mental health In social work (Appendix). Part 1, Multi-Axial Diagnosis: Given the case Information and your responses to the questions after the case, prepare the following: a multi-axial diagnosis, the rationale for the diagnosis and GAFF score, and additional Information you would have wanted to know In order to make a more accurate diagnosis. Multi-Axial Diagnosis AXIS I: 318. 82 Conduct disorder/childhood-onset type, severe 309. 0 Adjustment disorder 305. 60 Cocaine Abuse AXIS II: WI . 09 NO Diagnosis 1. Acting out 2. Dental 3. Rationalization Axis Ill: hypothyroidism, takes a thyroid hormone medication, labyrinthine, used paper clips on carving into herself this got her into a psychiatric hospital. Denies suicide, went home got in fight with her mother and drank kit cleaner Axis IV: Axis V: Multiple arrests for running away. Educational deficits due to truancy Non flexible discipline by Step Father Adjustment issues and conflict with stepfather Processing information of biological Father molesting sister Processing Mothers Illness with Cancer Expulsion from home Few positive friends GAFF=40 (Past 6 Months) Rationale and Differential Diagnosis Maladaptive espouse to a psychosocial stresses, Part of a pattern or antisocial behavior Additional Information Needed Shows little remorse for actions and effects on her family and herself Part II, Biophysically Risk and Resilience Assessment: Formulate a risk and resilience assessment, for the onset of the disorder and the course of the disorder. Biological raised by ineffective, and sometimes abusive parents, parents with substance abuse issues A stable an balance household Communication in the household Psychological lack of guilt or empathy, emotional expression owe harm avoidance, preference for novel and dangerous activities high rate of family problems and lack of emotional regulation Communication in the household, other than yelling and control issues Social Unemployment in the family poor environment intense emotional conflict unstable interpersonal relationships Sexual abuse within the family deviant peer relationships Healthy peer set Participation in organization events that promote better peers. TABLE 2 Biophysically Risk and Resilience Assessment for the Course of the Influence from a parent suffering drug abuse Low parent issues in the household Parents getting counseling and training in their issues Continued use of drugs and alcohol Participation in illicit sexual acts And participation in Drug abuse counseling Continuous exposure to bad atmosphere In detention facility Placement in positive group treatment facility with children positively progressing with treatment Join in activities What techniques would you use to elicit additional strengths in this client? Get the client involved in singing activities and people in the field Challenge the client with questions of where would you like to be, what can we do to get there. 0 2008. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. How to cite Working, Papers

Informatics and Management Science

Question: Discuss about the Informatics and Management Science. Answer: Introduction: Branding of an organization has considered being most crucial as it helps in evaluating the desired growth of the firm by selling its products within the appropriate market segments. LEGO group is one of the private firms which were discovered in the year 1932 merely on a base of iconic LEGO@ brick which is known to be the leaders in manufacturing of Play Materials (Jensen, 2016).The primary aim of this paper is to highlight the different aspects of brand management within concerned market segments and for this particular paper LEGO group has been undertaken (Desbordes, 2013). The company desires to enhance as well as augment the energy level along with the skills of the children by making best toys as per their suitability (Van Hecke, 2010). The history of the company reveals the fact that the company started from a small workshop and soon became the international enterprise in the field of largest manufacturers of toys for children. Brand Inventory In development and management of a brand, it becomes very crucial to look forward to the crucial elements under brand inventory (Spanyol, 2014). These brand elements are the name, LOGO, diverse kind of the advertising programs, packaging, promotion as well as PR that facilitates to boost the efficacy of the whole brand to the clientele (Du, 2013). The change in the concerned market segments has evaluated the fact that the company needs to bring out the preferred creativity as well as innovation in the products as to retain the old consumers and for attracting the new consumers towards the firm. Brand elements The brand elements are as follows: LOGO This is considered to be the most crucial while the creation of brand value as the development of the LOGO helps in developing trust with the customers. The feedback received from the different clients helps to recognize that there are some customers for which the LOGO does not work and there some other customers who get emotionally attached to the brand (Fabozzi Markowitz, 2011). Offering the best quality of services as well as the products helps the customers for trusting on the brand and LEGO is doing this for a long period. Packaging This is another important element which needs to give top priority as the attractiveness of the products helps to draw the attention of the clients towards the product ("Googles latest accomplishment: refining marketing practice", 2012). Children are more prone to the attractiveness of the toys which they have been offered and in order to draw their attention towards the toys the packaging needs to be of top most quality (Pettinger, Nelson, Economy, 2011). Promotions and advertisements The most crucial part is the promotion of the products offered by the firm by effective advertisement channels to the targeted customers (Keller, 2008). Use of the social media, as well as the cartoon channels on television, will help in generating a large amount of impact on the children regarding the purchasing of the toys and moreover, it will create the branding of the firm. Symbol Feelings of the different customers sometimes get attached to the symbol of the firm and therefore some people remains in favor of the symbol as well as brand whereas there are some people who dislike the brand due to the services provided by them. The symbol of Lego is quite good and it reflects the quality of the products delivered by the firm (Kendrick, 2010). Brand positioning The company is targeting the children of ages between 3 to 15 years of the age for selling its toys. LEGO is one of the reputed firms in the field of toy manufacturing across different parts of the world. In positioning of the brand, some points need to be properly analyzed such as the crucial requirements of the targeted customers and offering of the products along with the reasonable price range as to raise the selling of the individual products (Oriard, 2010). Figure: Perceptual map The perceptual map critically evaluates the fact that LEGO is in the group where it makes high quality, high cost and healthy of the products for all its customers. Brand mantra The brand mantra is to develop creative, innovative and efficient builders of tomorrow by the means learning and creative playing. The company is engaged in enhancing the skills, knowledge and the capability of the children by offering them creative and innovative toys which will help in promoting effective learning. SWOT analysis Strengths Weaknesses The company has strongest brand name across 55 countries Has the strongest portfolio for the products Incorporation of educational features to enhance the skills of children Diversifying the brand across different various video games Providing encouragement to children regarding development of problem-solving skills The increment of the online video games has resulted in loss for the market shares Incomplete knowledge of the employees regarding the services and products Improper strategies for perfect branding of the firm Imitation of the respective toys available with the firm is a major area of concern Improper management of the brand by not utilizing resources effectively Opportunities Threats Using the brand name of the firm in attracting the customers regarding the purchase of the toys Diversifying the corporation into several other marketplaces Efficient use of the branding strategies in order to build the desired reputation of the company Limited resources of the brand affect the business processes The location of the business needs to be improved by shifting it to the appropriate places Some of the potential competitors are Mega Bloks, Oxford Toys, Hasbro KRE-O, Cobi and Best-Lock Development of the online games as well as the different cartoon channels are crucial threat for the firm Effective use of internet affects the business process and selling of the toys Increase in the number of the outdoor games also diverts the children for purchasing toys and is a potential threat to the firm Shifting of the consumer behavior as well as the newly enhanced products affects the firm SWOT analysis implications Opportunities Threats Strengths The brand name and the quality products of the firm can be used in increasing the profitability of the organization. Delivering the best quality of products which will help to promote effective learning for students will reduce the impact of threats. Weaknesses Proper innovative tools s needed to develop best toys as to reduce the impact of the online games. The short and long term goals needed to be defined for reducing the impact of other games and promoting the toys manufactured by LEGO. Differentiation strategies related to the quality purpose and cost price of the products are crucial in order to reduce the potential threat from the competitors. Conclusion The paper concludes that the LEGO is aimed to develop creative skills within children of ages 3 to 15 years old with the help of creative and innovative toys. Brand inventory includes brand elements such as the name, LOGO, diverse kind of the advertising programs, packaging, promotion which helps in establishing the reputation of the brand in the targeted market area. References Desbordes, M. (2013). Latest sponsorship strategies and the need for research.International Journal Of Sports Marketing And Sponsorship,14(3), 1-1. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-14-03-2013-b001 Du, W. (2013).Informatics and management science V. London: Springer. Fabozzi, F. Markowitz, H. (2011).The theory and practice of investment management. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Googles latest accomplishment: refining marketing practice. (2012).Journal Of Consumer Marketing,29(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm.2012.07729caa.002 Jensen, M. (2016).The LEGO Brand - The LEGO Group - About Us LEGO.com.Lego.com. Retrieved 21 August 2016, from https://www.lego.com/en-us/aboutus/lego-group/the_lego_brand Keller, K. (2008).Strategic brand management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Kendrick, R. (2010).Cyber Risks for Business Professionals. Ely: IT Governance Pub. Oriard, M. (2010).Brand NFL. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Pettinger, R., Nelson, B., Economy, P. (2011).Management for dummies. Chichester: Wiley. Spanyol, T. (2014). Nuisance calls latest.J Direct Data Digit Mark Pract,15(4), 348-350. https://dx.doi.org/10.1057/dddmp.2014.31 Van Hecke, M. (2010).The brain advantage. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.

Rainbow and Its Various Aspects

Table of Contents Introduction Causes and Formation Types of Rainbows General Facts In Regard To a Rainbow Works Cited Introduction A rainbow can be defined as an arch of colors that is usually formed in the sky under certain circumstances. The main cause of the formation of rainbow is the refraction and dispersion of the sun light which occur in the event of rainfall or any other form of moisture that could be present in the atmosphere. The seven colors in a rainbow are identified as violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red although these are those that are visible with many others that are not.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rainbow and Its Various Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rainbows are known to take many forms for instance red bows, twinned bows, dark bands, colored fringes, spokes, bows that cross among others depending on the circumstances under which they are formed. This piece of work gives an investigation of the various aspects associated with a rainbow for instance how it is formed and the causes of its formation as well as the various forms of rainbows. Causes and Formation Rainbows are familiar among various people in the universe since they can easily observe it but the underlying principles behind its causes and formation still remain unclear. According to Oblack (2011, par 1), a rainbow is formed through the interaction of sunlight and moisture in the atmosphere. The sunlight is usually made up of various colors and water in the atmosphere for example rain droplets act like a prism through which the sun rays are refracted so that the various colors ( red, yellow, indigo, violet, orange, blue and green among others) of the sunlight can been displayed as a rainbow. We can, therefore, say that rainbows are caused by the ripping of white sunlight into its constituent colors which is made possible by the raindrops. The water droplets acts as a prism which is responsible for the refraction and reflection processes that are necessary for the formation of the rainbow or rather the display of the various colors contained therein. Types of Rainbows According to Oblack (2008 par 3), there are various types of rainbows for example primary rainbows, secondary rainbows, glory clouds and the supernumerary rainbows. Primary rainbows form at the core with the red color being the outermost in the primary bow while the others are within. The bow is usually very shiny. The secondary (rainbow) on the other hand is reasonably fainter (as compared to the primary rainbow) owing to the second reflection and emerges outside the primary one. This type of rainbow is formed when sunlight undergoes two reflections as it hits the water droplets as opposed to one reflection as it is the case in the formation of the primary rainbow. The glory cloud develops when the sunlight enters a cloud which contains water droplets of relatively the same size . The glory cloud is usually opposite the sun, that is, at the Anti solar point. The anti solar point is the point that is directly opposite the sun as one can view it.Advertising Looking for research paper on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It can be said in simple terms to be the line that seems to connect the sun, the observer and the specific location of the glory cloud. The supernumerary rainbows are formed as a result of interference of the sunlight where it is forced to go through different paths in a water droplet which explains the wave nature of light (Walker 429) These different types of rainbows can then be divided into other general forms of rainbows for example reflection rainbows which are usually formed as a result of reflection of the source of light which is principally the sun. A reflection rainbow is a blend of two divergent rainbows which result from light coming from the sun and its refl ected image. Lunar rainbow on the other hand is formed as a result of the moon’s refraction as opposed to the sun. This is possible when there is the presence of a full moon since it is usually bright enough and its light can be refracted by the water droplets. The lunar rainbow is nonetheless dim than solar rainbow because the light involved is also not as bright as that of the sun. A double rainbow is completed when raindrops reflect the sunlight inwardly making it probable for us to see a dark band right between the bows. A secondary rainbow is usually seen on the outer part of the primary bow and it entails two reflections. The second reflection is particularly in charge of the inversion of the colors of a (secondary) rainbow as opposed to the primary bow. There is also another form of rare rainbow by the name, monochrome rainbow. This is rarely experienced and it is formed when there is a shower mainly during the sunrise or sunset when the sun rays are not very hot. In s uch a time the spectrum is not usually full and the shorter wavelengths are usually absent or scattered making the rainbow appear quite different as compared to when the sun is still very hot. The fact that the spectrum is not usually full when the monochrome rainbow appears is not a justification that these types of rainbows appear under the moonlight. This is because rainbows under moonlight appear in the presence of a full spectrum but they seem to be white in color due to our inability to see the colors clearly (The National Center for Atmospheric Research par 12). General Facts In Regard To a Rainbow It is argued that for an individual to view a rainbow there must be the presence of both the sun and moisture in the atmosphere. One also has to be at an angle of approximately 42 degrees to view it clearly. A rainbow is not located at a particular position in the sky as many people may think but rather its position is dependent upon some factors for instance the sun’s posit ion at a particular time and the viewer’s location. It is made of more than the seven colors we see and the colors are also seen differently by different people.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rainbow and Its Various Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rainbow appears in the opposite direction in respect to the sun in regard to the viewer’s perspective with the core part of the rainbow appearing to be brighter as compared to the external areas of the rainbow. Rainbows formation is made possible due to the geometry of raindrops and it follows that the sun usually shine from behind us and its rays enter the raindrops where they are refracted inwards then reflected from the raindrop and finally refracted from it coming back to the viewer’s eyes. For there to be a rainbow formation, the sunbeams are refracted as it goes into the surface of a water droplet then reflected to the back of the droplet and finally refracted in the event of leaving the droplet. This causes reflection of the incoming sunlight over various angles to a maximum of around 42 degrees depending on aspects like the size of the droplet and the refractive index which is different in different waters. The rainbow colors are in the shape of a circle but as we observe it we just see part of the circle due to the long distance hence the arch shape (Anonymous 1). Rainbows are perceived differently with many myths being formulated in regard to their presence. It is associated with various cultural and religious aspects depending on various societies and their beliefs. It has for example been considered in Greek to be the trail that was made between the earth and heaven by Iris, a messenger. The people of China on the other hand had for a long time believed that a rainbow stood for an incision in the sky which had been closed up by a goddess employing stones that were of diverse colors. Some of these myths have been proven wrong as research has advanced and people have been able to gain a clear understanding of various aspects of rainbows (Supriya 2). The aspect of rainbows have been studied for a very long time especially while studying other aspects of reflection and refraction but it is evident that people still know little about the underlying concepts of the rainbows for instance causes and even the circumstances through which they are formed. Works Cited Anonymous. â€Å"What causes a rainbow?† Howstuffworks, 2011. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Oblack, Rachelle. â€Å"Glory Clouds’. About.com, 2008. Web. Oblack, Rachelle. â€Å"Rainbows†. About.com. 2011. Web. The National Center for Atmospheric Research. â€Å"About Rainbows.† Ucar, 2011. Web. Supriya, Sharon. â€Å"Interesting Myths and Facts about the Rainbow†. Oneindia, 2008. Web. Walker, Jearl. Multiple Rainbows from a Single Drop of Water and Other Liquids. American Journal of Physics Vol. 44, No. 5, pages 421-433 1976. This research paper on Rainbow and Its Various Aspects was written and submitted by user Demi Swanson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

T Unit Measurement in Linguistics

T Unit Measurement in Linguistics A T-Unit is a measurement in  linguistics, and refers to a main clause plus any subordinate clauses that may be attached to it. As defined by Kellogg W. Hunt (1964), the T-unit, or minimal terminable unit of language, was intended to measure the smallest word group that could be considered a grammatical sentence, regardless of how it was punctuated. Research suggests that the length of a T-unit may be used as an index of syntactic complexity. In the 1970s, the T-unit became an important unit of measurement in sentence-combining research. T Unit Analysis T-unit analysis, developed by Hunt (1964) has been used extensively to measure the overall syntactic complexity of both speech and writing samples (Gaies, 1980). The T-unit is defined as consisting of a main clause plus all subordinate clauses and nonclausal structures that are attached to or embedded in it (Hunt, 1964). Hunt claims that the length of a T-unit is parallel to the cognitive development of a child and thus the T-unit analysis provides an intuitively satisfying and stable index of language development. The T-units popularity is due to the fact that it is a global measure of linguistic development external to any particular set of data and allows for meaningful comparison between first and second language acquisition. . . .T-unit analysis has been successfully used by Larsen-Freeman Strom (1977) and Perkins (1980) as an objective measure to evaluate the quality of ESL student writing. T-unit measures used in this study include words per composition, sentences per composi tion, T-units per composition, error-free T-units per composition, words in error-free T-units per composition, T-unit length, and ratio of errors versus T-units per composition. (Anam Govardhan, Indian Versus American Students Writing in English. Dialects, Englishes, Creoles, and Education, ed. by Shondel J. Nero. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2006) By analogy with the way modifiers work in sentences, [Francis] Christensen thinks of subordinate T-units as modifying the more general T-unit that semantically encompasses them. The point can be illustrated by the following sentence of William Faulkners: Joads lips stretched tight over his long teeth a moment, and he licked his lips, like a dog, two licks, one in each direction from the middle. Like a dog modifies licked his lips, a relatively general description which could encompass various other types of lip-licking. Similarly, two licks starts to explain how a dog licks its lips, hence is more specific than like a dog. And one in each direction from the middle explains two licks even more specifically. (Richard M. Coe, Toward a Grammar of Passages. Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1988) T-Units and Ordered Development Since young children tend to connect short main clauses with and, they tend to use relatively few words/T-unit. But as they mature, they begin to use a range of appositives, prepositional phrases, and dependent clauses that increase the number of words/T-unit. In subsequent work, Hunt (1977) demonstrated that there is a developmental order in which students develop the capacity to perform types of embedding. Other researchers (e.g. ODonnell, Griffin Norris, 1967) used Hunts unit of measurement to conclusively show that the words/T-unit ratio went up in both oral and written discourse as writers matured. (Thomas Newkirk, The Learner Develops: The High School Years. Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts, 2nd ed., ed. by James Flood et al. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2003)

Fashion Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Fashion Trends - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Trends" talks about the role of marketing in the popular fashion trends. Therefore in a way, one of the significant concepts of fashion is to develop a sense of personal importance or self to the consumer. This concept of self is further reinforced through marketing campaigns which tend to confirm consumers’ views and opinions on a fashionable product. Fashion can also be attributed with developing the notion of identity in certain communities. The creation of identities and concept of self is a necessity in the fashion industry, as the consumer has choice, and fashion outlets cannot really distinguish themselves on price. The only differentiation will therefore come from the personalities and identities they are aiming to attract. For example, a certain fashion chain may design clothing for consumers who like to emulate catwalk and celebrity fashion, and this message and product they are offering will need to be communicated to the consumer using the approp riate channels, so that they can attract the most in terms of consumer numbers. Marketing in fashion is therefore responsible for creating a relationship between the manufacturer, retailer and customer. The purpose of marketing in this instance is to influence the consumer and direct their purchasing pattern to the intended product. The need to influence purchasing decisions, and to align products to identities and personalities, has resulted in the new concept of fashion marketing, which is â€Å"the application of a range.... and to align products to identities and personalities, has resulted in the new concept of fashion marketing, which is "the application of a range of techniques and a business philosophy that centres upon the customer and potential customer of clothing and clothing-related products and services, in order to meet the long-term goals of the organization" (Okonkwo 2007, Zavrnik and Mumel 2007:p11). This relationship between fashion and marketing has created interdependence between the two, which has raised the bar in the way fashion design is promoted. This interdependence has changed the view of fashion design and marketing, which previously relied on consumers to define their preferences and choices. The current view of fashion design and marketing has meant that the onus is no longer on the consumer to define the style they want. The diagram below illustrates the relationship between fashion and marketing: Table 1. The fashion marketing concept. Source: M. Easey. Fashion Marketing. Blackwall Science. London 2002, p.7. Table 1.0 demonstrates that if the concern for fashion design, customers and profit is low, then it is likely that an organization will fail to fulfil its objectives, as this situation leaves the organization open to disregarding customers' preferences which will affect profits (Easey 2002). However, by having a high concern for fashion design, customers and profit, objectives will be driven by marketing which is designed to influence and persuade consumers to change certain behaviours, which puts the control back with the organizations, and not with consumer. By controlling demand, organizations will be able to control the trends and the nature of the market. This subject area is important for a number of reasons: marketing has been able to

Contemporary business issueSub Prime letting050808 Essay

Contemporary business issueSub Prime letting050808 - Essay Example The Fed comes out with the monetary policy in order to ensure a certain key objectives like, delivering price stability with a low inflation level coupled with an objective to support the Government's economic objectives of growth and employment. To have a look on how the Fed monitors the price related regulations to keep a check on inflation, we can consider a small example of the regulation on house and property prices. To take any decisions related to interest rates keeping in mind the ongoing inflation rate, the Fed must be thorough with the booming property prices and must take steps to ensure that the prices are not artificial. Government intervenes through its central bank to regulate the prices of many commodities, similarly it also regulates the prices of houses like any other important commodity. Fed has the responsibility to keep a check on asset prices including the prices of houses. There can be a number of reasons why the prices of houses may shoot up, like the simple rule of demand and supply has a definite impact. (Demand and Supply for Housing). Other reasons behind a... (Demand and Supply for Housing).Other reasons behind a change in property prices can be Mortgages. A mortgage is the money borrowed to buy a house, as for most people buying a house is not easy. Over the years mortgage market has picked up greatly and the current scenario is totally different from the one that existed in the beginning. (The UK Housing Market - Factors Influencing the Housing Market: Mortgages) The central bank of any country has a monetary policy and it uses the same to regulate mechanism of the economy and deal with such erratic swings in the prices of property. Like when it decides to change the interest rate, the government is trying to check the overall expenditure of the economy. A change in interest rates is mostly used to contain inflation, which is the result of lavish expenditure by the country. The Bank sets a fixed interest rate at which it lends money to financial institutions and depending on this interest rate, individual banks and other financial institutions set up their own interest rates, which apply to the whole economy. This interest rate also regulated the savings in an economy, which eventually results in capital formation and reinvestment. It is notable that when interest rates are high, people prefer to invest money in government deposits that are less risky in nature than the stock markets and similarly high interest rates boost up the savings. Lo wer interest rates make asset and real estate prices go up, as people start ignoring conventional saving instruments and make use of the high growth ventures like shares and houses, which pushes up their prices and this is where the problem of easy availability of finance crops up.The sub prime crisis started with the sub prime

Characteristics And Features Of Capital Markets Finance Essay

Characteristics And Features Of Capital Markets Finance Essay Capital market in any country consists of equity and the debt markets. Within the debt market there are govt securities and the corporate bond market. For developing countries, a liquid corporate bond market can play a critical role in supporting economic development as It supplements the banking system to meet corporate sector requirements for long-term capital investment and asset creation. It provides a stable source of finance when the equity market is volatile. A well structures corporate bond market can have implications on monetary policy of a country as bond markets can provide relevant information about risks to price stability Despite rapidly transforming financial sector and a fast growing economy Indias corporate bond market remains underdeveloped. It is still dominated by the plain vanilla bank loans and govt securities. The dominance of equities and banking system can be gauged from the fact that since 1996, Indias stock market capitalisation as a percentage of GDP has increased to 108% from 32.1%, while the banking sectors ratio to GDP has risen from 46.3% to 78.2% in 2008. In contrast, the bond markets grew to a modest 43.4 percent of GDP from 21.3 percent. Of this corporate bonds account for around 3.2% of GDP and government bond market accounts for 38.3% of GDP. (Graph1) Graph1 Source: RBI Indias government bond market stands ahead of most East-Asian emerging markets but most of it is used as a source of financing the deficit. The size of the Indian corporate debt market is very small in comparison with not only developed markets, but also some of the emerging market economies in Asia such as Malaysia, Thailand and China (Graph 2) Graph 2 Source: RBI Characteristics and features Innovation and a Plethora of options: Over time great innovations have been witnessed in the corporate bond issuances, like floating rate instruments, convertible bonds, callable (put-able) bonds, zero coupon bonds and step-redemption bonds. This has brought a variety that caters to a wider customer base and helps them maintain strike a risk-return balance. Preference for private placement: In India, issuers tend to prefer Private Placement over public issue as against USA where majority of corporate bonds are publically issued. In India while private placement grew 6.23 times to Rs. 62461.80 crores in 2000-01 since 1995-96, the corresponding increase in public issues of debt has been merely 40.95 percent from the 1995-96 levels. (graph 3).This leads to a crunch in market liquidity. A number of factors are responsible for such preference. First, the companies can avoid the lengthy issuance procedure for public issues. Second is the low cost of private placement. Third, the amounts that can be raised through private placements are typically larger. Fourth, the structure of debt can be negotiated according to the needs of the issuer. Finally, a corporate can expect to raise debt from the market at finer rates than the PLR of banks and financial institutions only with an AAA rated paper. This limits the number of entities that would find it profitable to enter the market directly. Even though the listing of privately placed bonds has been made mandatory, a proper screening mechanism is missing to take care of t he quality and transparency issues of private placement deals. Graph 3: Resource mobilization through debt Source: Equity and corporate debt report: RBI Graph 4 Source: RBI Dominance of financial institutions: The public issues market has over the years been dominated by financial institutions. The issuers who are the main participants in other corporate bond markets (that is, private sector, non-financial), represent only a small proportion of the corporate debt issues in the Indian market. Most of the privately placed bonds (which are about 90% of the total issue of corporate bonds) are issued by the financial and the public sector. (Graph 4) Inefficient secondary market: Further the secondary market for non-sovereign debt, especially corporate paper still remains plagued by inefficiencies. The primary problem is the total lack of market making in these securities, which consequently leads to poor liquidity. The biggest investors in this segment of the market, namely LIC, UTI prefer to hold these instruments to maturity, thereby holding the supply of paper in the market. The listed corporate bonds also trade on the Wholesale Debt Segment of NSE. But the percentage of the bonds trading on the exchange is small. Number of trades in debt compared to equity on average for August 2007 is just 0.003%. Graph 5 Figures are turnover on the wholesale debt market segment of NSE. Source: NSE Challenges and issues Dominance of private placements Dominance of large corporations. The credit rating system encourages only the large corporations with an AAA rating. (Table 1) Non-existent repo market for corporate bonds unlike the government bonds where there is an active repo market. Complicated and slow issuance procedure. Regulators in India are reactive rather than proactive. Illiquid secondary market- part of it is due to the fact that the number of issuers is low and part of it is due to the fact that the large investors prefer to hold these securities till maturity. Lack of formal market makers Limited demand for bond financing. The corporate debt market in India continues to be dominated by banks Limited investor base. A successful corporate bond market requires non banking investors which are limited and restricted in case of India. Inadequate credit assessment skills coupled with lack of transparency in trades There is a lot of confusion in the market regarding both regulations and the trading floors. To sum up, corporate bond the market in India suffers from deficiencies of participants, products and a comprehensive institutional framework. Table 1: Distribution of corporate bond issues by credit ratings Recent developments Given the importance of a well developed corporate bond market, the government, the RBI and SEBI have initiated measure to develop the corporate bond market in India. Most measures were aimed at improving the disclosure norms. The corporate bond market got its due attention by the government in the Union Budget of 2004-05where in the High Level Expert Committee on Corporate Bonds and Securitisation, chaired by Dr. R. H. Patil, was set up to look into the regulatory, legal, tax and mortgage design issues for the development of the corporate bond markets. The suggestions made by the committee were to develop the market infrastructure. Some of the suggestions made in the report include the removing the stamp duty, simplifying the issuance and disclosure norms, to bring the cost of corporate bonds at par with those of government securities by having similar TDS norms, enhance the investor base by encouraging participation of mutual funds, pension funds, insurance companies and gratuity funds and also retail participation through better primary and secondary markets. It also suggested a regulatory framework for a transparent and efficient secondary market for corporate bonds should be put in place by SEBI in a phased manner. It also recommended having a trade reporting system, introduction of repo in corporate bonds and better clearing and settlement system. Both RBI and SEBI have fundamentally agreed to these recommendations and steps are being taken to implement the same. Some of the steps include: Dematerialization of holdings, as required by SEBI since 2002; increased trading transparency from compulsory reporting of trades, linking local rating agencies to international rating agencies. In January 2007 SEBI was declared as the sole body responsible for regulating and coordinating the primary and secondary corporate bond market. It was a major step in remove the lack of coordination that existed due to two regulators (SEBI and RBI). In April 2007, SEBI permitted both BSE and NSE to set up trading platforms. In April 2007, SEBI reduced the shut period in corporate bonds, to align it with that applicable for Government Securities, and tradable lots in corporate bonds. In December 2007 SEBI made further amendments in issuance procedures to reduce the cost and ease issuance. It also gave green signal to FMMIDA to start trade reporting platform for CBs. Moreover, the government has made changes in the Companies Act and on simplification and reduction in the stamp duty w.e.f. 2007. From December 1, 2009 all corporate bonds traded OTC or on the debt segment of the stock exchanges will have to be cleared and settled through the National Securities Clearing Corporation Ltd (NSCCL) or the Indian Clearing Corporation Ltd (ICCL). It will help in eliminating the counter party risk in trade settlement and ensure a smooth receipt and payment system. In June 2008, the investment limit for FIIs in corporate debt was increased from $1.5 billion to $3 billion and further to $15 billion in January 2009. Ministry of Finance has hinted towards corporate market becoming Repo-able from 2010. Asia Bond Monitor- ADB, April 2008 Indias Bond Market-Development and Challenges Ahead, Stephen Wells and Lotte Schou-Zibell, Working paper series on regional economic integration no.22, ADB, December 2008. CS Update, august 2008, ICSI Equity and corporate debt report 2007, RBI NSE

Hiv/Aids in Africa Essay

Sub-Saharan Africa is the region of the world that is most affected by HIV/AIDS. The United Nations reports that an estimated 25.4 million people are living with HIV and that approximately 3.1 million new infections occurred in 2004. To put these figures in context, more than 60 percent of the people living with the infection reside in Africa. Even these staggering figures do not quite capture the true extent and impact that this disease causes on the continent. In 1998, about 200,000 Africans died as a result of various wars taking place on the continent. In that same year, more than 2 million succumbed to HIV/AIDS (Botchwey, 2000). The pandemic can be likened very much to the Bubonic Plague of the fourteenth century in terms of its killing ability. Both the Black Death and HIV/AIDS have wiped out a large proportion of the affected population. Until the AIDS pandemic, the world had not experienced a mass shrinking in their populations since the Black Death. However, unlike the Black Death, the pandemic has become much more than a health problem as it encompasses economic, social, political, psychological and cultural dimensions. (Arndt and Lewis, 2000) HIV/AIDS is so severe that it sends ripples to the edges of society, spreading its effects on families through communities to countries as a whole. Due to the fact that the pandemic is widespread in young and middle-aged adults the epidemic destroys the very core and nucleus of society as well as the foundation of the nation’s economy. The pandemic is not a disease for adults only as in 2005 alone, an estimated 2.3 million children globally were living with HIV (UNAIDS 2005). Hence, HIV/AIDS rids the continent of what is arguably its most important resource; human capital. This is especially true in locations exposed to rampant HIV prevalence rates. In such regions, the economic growth of the country is affected which makes the provision of highly needed social services more diffic ult. We realize that countries find themselves in this sadistic cycle, as by aggravating the already poor conditions individuals become more susceptible to the spread of HIV. The impact of AIDS may be felt as an immediate shock, as when a family loses a breadwinner, or in the case of a firm, an important employer leaves. However, at the national level the impact is felt as the gradual accrual of losses. The toll of HIV/AIDS on households can be very severe. Many families lose their bread winners. Many of those dying have surviving partners who are themselves infected and are in need of care. They leave behind children grieving and struggling to survive without the care of the parents. The disease strips the family assets further impoverishing the poor. In many cases, the presence of AIDS means that the household eventually dissolves, as the parents die and children are sent to relatives for care and upbringing. The gravity of the impact depends not only on the numbers infected and directly affected by the pandemic, but also on the resources available to manage the situation. This may be resources accessible at family, community or national level. The pandemic also has dire impacts on the demographics of a country. This impact is usually more difficult to assess as it is largely dependent on data from birth and death certificates, and health records, all of which are poor or almost non-existent in that part of the world. Due to this, life expectancy at birth has fallen, dramatically, and the population structure has changed shape eroding years of progress made by many African countries. This obviously has implications for growth. (World Bank, 2000) Despite its serious implications, however, original research on the impact of AIDS is scarce. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the level of human capital in Sub-Saharan Africa. The basic question surrounding this study is â€Å"Does HIV/AIDS have a negative impact on human capital accumulation†. We believe that it does have a negative impact on human capital accumulation as resources, effort, and time are diverted to attend to the various issues associated with the pandemic. In an attempt to answer this question, the study will specify human capital as primary school enrollment. We do this because this is the level of schooling at which an individual receives basic education. Basic education is the formal education deemed necessary for somebody to function properly in society. Development economists have regarded basic education as a priority for developing countries the benefits of which include reduction of disease through knowledge of hygiene and nutrition and better understanding of non-violent ways to solve problems. In this light, many African countries have implemented free universal basic education programs that aim at encouraging households to enroll their children in school. This is the primary way in which the impact of the pandemic may be offset. This is just one of the many dynamics of the issue of the HIV/AIDS and human capital.

Music Role of a Composer Essay

A person who creates the music the music we listen to by writing a piece of music for theatre, radio, film, TV and computer games where music is needed is known as composer. Composing of music has played a vital role in the lives of composers making others to be considered as princes of music like Josquin and Palestrina yet others had unique styles of composing their music. The roles of a composer are to create music by creating situations in which sounds will basically be. A composer has to devise strategies to ensure coordination of elements of performers set into motion. This is achieved by ensuring that proper notation of music has been done in order to accurately direct musicians. The task of a composer is to write an original piece of music fitting for a specific mission after which the composition will then be performed by musicians. The music composed might be having lyrics or just instrumental. Furthermore, it can be either in the form of country, classical jazz or even folk. The work of composer improved a great deal between 900 to 1820. in the 900’s, composers used to create music in that there is a solo singer and choirs or more probably in an Organum style . In the process of change, music styles became more complex and multiple parts were used for different instruments and this help to bring harmony. The recorder, lute and the invention of printing press that brought about standardization of musical notation. Later the Organum was modified into the modern harmony of today by use of a figured bass to accompany a melody. The introduction of keyboard in equal temperament enabled different keys to be used without alteration. Finally, during the classical period, the composers fostered for loyalty or nobility of the time. The composers of the time were offered with creative tools to build many accredited pieces of music given that the concept of music was abstract and detached allowing them to explore the music industry. Josquin Desprez (1440-1521) was the master of composing in his time . He created his music with careful words which were of marvelous simplicity and sophistication. Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) was the instrumentals in bringing into being the romantic music era. These two men brought about great change in the musical industry and meaning to composers without fear of experimenting. References Fulcher, J. The Composer as an Intellectual. Music and Ideology in France 1914-1940. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005 Smith J. & Carlson B. The Gift of Music: Great Composers and Their Influence. Crossway, 1995

Jane Eyre, Weathering Heights, And Sense And Sensibility

fledgling baker flew out the door, past any customers sipping tea, with the owner nipping at her heels while cursing in French and Creole. It was known throughout the Quarter that the madam demanded perfection in petit fours and unquestioning dedication from her staff. In exchange one of the luckier neophytes had once told March, She coaxes us through the birth pains on our journey to become superb French-educated pastry chefs extraordinaire, that is if we survive her wrath. The young woman who had dashed out screaming about being beaten, which was not true, and inept at baking, which possibly was, would not be seen again at least at Le Petite Patisseries. To the right of March s office sat the shop of an antiquarian, a seller of†¦show more content†¦If you were to walk down the service alley at the rear of their stores, you might walk right by Mr. Brockman’s other enterprise. It was nondescript, but once inside another story would unfold. Unless you had the righ t credentials, you’d be turned away by a gatekeeper straight from a James Cagney gangster movie, complete with a cigarette ready to expel an inch of ash dangling from the corner of his grimaced mouth. Yet, if you knew someone who could give you the right information or you had local connections, John Brockman, bookmaker, money lender and entrepreneur would be willing do to business. The steady stream of clients who walked to the back alley came from the top echelon in the city, like the Parish President, owner of the city’s exclusive hospitals and CEO’s of all the worker’s unions. Those unfortunates who stumbled around the French Quarter at all hours wouldn’t have thought to enter Brockman’s establishment and if they did give the door a knock, they’d quickly realize the dress code required was that of Antoine’s ritzy restaurant. With the Great Depression still gripping a good part of America, there was no effect on Brockman’s business enterprises; sin in all of its regalia never vanishes completely even when money was in scarce supply as it did then and remains the